Nikkei Asia 9 February 2023 - by Naoya Yoshino
Russian President Vladimir Putin, centre, delivers a New Year address with troops in Rostov-on-Don, not far from the Ukrainian border. (Photo from Kremlin via Tass/Kyodo)
Military inadequacies in Ukraine raise questions for security relationships
Generals command hundreds or thousands of soldiers. A larger number of general deaths thus signals a weak military.
British media reported in June that over 10 generals had been killed. Japan estimates the total at more than 20, based on intelligence gathered in cooperation with the U.S. and Europe.
That tally would be "unbelievably high," said retired Gen. Kiyofumi Iwata, former chief of staff of Japan's Ground Self-Defence Force. The U.S., for example, has seen almost no combat deaths of officers at that high a rank.
A popular theory holds that Ukraine was able to target these commanders by tracking cellphone signals -- a communication method that Russian troops were forced to use due to struggles on the electronic warfare front. Moscow has since banned use of the devices.
Iwata attributes the unusually high number of generals killed to the Ukrainian military's cyber warfare superiority enabling Kyiv to learn their locations, as well as Russia's tactic of sending generals into the field.
"The death of a general weakens troop morale," he said.
A senior Japanese intelligence official raised another possibility. "There may be informants in the two eastern regions giving information to Ukraine," the official said, referring to Donetsk and Luhansk, much of which are controlled by Russia.
Such intelligence can be invaluable. In interviews, officials said a lack of inside sources was among the main reasons why it took the U.S. 10 years to find and kill Osama bin Laden, the mastermind of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, in Pakistan.
Recruitment of local informants depends on a variety of factors, including systems of government, religion and ethnicity. It should come as no surprise if the regions of Ukraine invaded by Russia have sources furnishing Kyiv with intelligence.
Another point made clear over the past year is the inferiority of the Russian military's weaponry -- something that may well be worrying India, which gets half its weapons from Russia.
Indian national security adviser Ajit Doval met with American counterpart Jake Sullivan at the White House on Jan. 31 to discuss topics including broader cooperation on military technology, along with joint development and production.
New Delhi has relied on weapons from Moscow since the Soviet era, while the U.S. has provided military aid to Pakistan, with which India has been locked in a border conflict over the Kashmir region. Over 20% of Russia's weapon exports go to India.
India has not participated in the Western-led economic sanctions campaign against Russia. Military support gives the U.S. a bargaining chip to help pull New Delhi closer to its orbit.
Washington also hopes to draw India closer as a core member of the Quad security grouping -- which also includes Japan and Australia -- aimed at deterring China in the Indo-Pacific.
The military inadequacies shown by the deaths of Russian generals may be rattling Beijing as well. "China appears to have quietly begun providing military support to Russia," the Japanese intelligence official said.
