BBC News 3 May 2022 - by the Visual Journalism Team
Russian forces are continuing to focus their attacks on the east of the country but opposition from Ukrainian troops is slowing their progress.
Here are the latest developments:
Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February, but its forces withdrew from around the capital Kyiv and surrounding regions to Belarus and western Russia in early April.
Russia has since refocused its efforts on taking control of the east and south of Ukraine.
Russia targets full control of south
Russian forces initially made rapid gains in the south, with their main objective being the creation of a land corridor between Crimea, which it annexed in 2014, and areas held by Russian-backed separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk.
But strong resistance from Ukrainian forces near Mykolaiv in the west and in Mariupol in the east significantly slowed Russian advances.
The port city of Mariupol, which has been encircled since the start of March, is now mostly under the control of Russian forces - although several hundred Ukrainian troops are believed to remain in the Azovstal metalworks factory in the south of the city.
Some civilians were evacuated from the steel plant at the weekend but Russian forces are continuing their aerial bombardment. No attempt has been made yet to clear Ukrainian troops from a network of tunnels beneath the factory.
Russia has been accused of war crimes for its intense shelling of the city, with the local mayor saying at least 20,000 civilians have been killed. More than 100,000 people remain trapped in the city.
To the west, Russia has been attempting to push towards Odesa, with the aim of cutting off Ukraine's access to the Black Sea, but their advances stalled at Mykolaiv.
A senior Russian military commander said the objective was still to take control of all of southern Ukraine and establish a land corridor with Transnistria - a breakaway part of Moldova where Russian troops are already based.
There have been a series of explosions in Transnistria, which the Russian-backed government has blamed on Ukraine. However, Ukraine has claimed these are so-called "false flag" operations - an attempt by Russia to destabilise the region and spread the conflict.
Fighting intensifying in the east
Russian officials have said its forces are fighting for the "complete liberation" of the Donbas, which broadly refers to Ukraine's eastern regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, where Russian-backed separatists held significant territory before the invasion.
Russia has substantially increased its troop numbers in the Donbas region in recent weeks, with satellite imagery showing a build-up of forces on Ukraine's border and convoys of vehicles travelling towards the front line.
Russian forces are continuing to regroup on the Donetsk-Luhansk frontline, according to the Institute for the Study of War (ISW). Ukrainian defences have been in place there since fighting started in the region in 2014.
Ukraine's armed forces said they had repelled a number of attacks in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions in recent days, destroying six tanks, five artillery systems, 22 armoured combat vehicles and eight other vehicles.
Military analysts have told the BBC that Ukrainian troops are outnumbered three-to-one in the region and are likely to concede some open ground in order to concentrate on the defence of key cities, where the Russians will find it more difficult to fight.
North retaken after Russian retreat
Ukrainian forces retook large areas around Kyiv in early April after Russia abandoned its push towards Kyiv, which had begun in the first days of its invasion.
Successful counterattacks by Ukrainian forces helped retake areas around Kyiv and, as the Russians withdrew, the Ukrainians were able to advance all the way to their northern borders with Belarus and western Russia.
However, Kyiv is still at risk from Russian aerial attacks. A missile attack on the capital on Thursday - while United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres was visiting the city - killed at least one person.
By David Brown, Bella Hurrell, Dominic Bailey, Mike Hills, Lucy Rodgers, Paul Sargeant, Mark Bryson, Zoe Bartholomew, Sean Willmott, Sana Dionysiou, Joy Roxas, Gerry Fletcher, Jana Tauschinsk, Debie Loizou and Prina Shah.
About these maps
To indicate which parts of Ukraine are under control by Russian troops we are using daily assessments published by the Institute for the Study of War with the American Enterprise Institute's Critical Threats Project.
To show key areas where advances are taking place we are also using daily updates from the UK Ministry of Defence and BBC research.
The situation in Ukraine is fast moving and it is likely there will be times when there have been changes not reflected in the maps.
