BBC News 27 March 2022 - by the Visual Journalism Team
Russia has continued to strike targets across Ukraine, despite saying it has shifted its focus to the east of the country.
Here are the latest developments on day 32 of the invasion:
Russia launched its attack in the early hours of 24 February, but more than four weeks into the war the battlefield across northern Ukraine remains "largely static", according to the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD).
Ukrainian counter-attacks are hampering Russian attempts to reorganise their forces, the MoD says.
Russia continues to rely on munitions launched from within Russian airspace in order to reduce their aircrafts' exposure to Ukrainian air defences, it adds.
Ukrainians fight back around Kyiv
In Kyiv, Russia continues its unsuccessful attempts to encircle Kyiv, despite stating it was to refocus efforts in the east of the country.
The largest concentration of Russian ground forces remains around the capital, according to the Institute for the Study of War (ISW), but Ukrainian forces remain in control of large areas around the city, especially in the south.
In recent days, Ukraine has launched counter-attacks to the east and west of Kyiv and regained some territory that had been occupied by Russian troops.
The nearest Russian troops have advanced to the west of Kyiv is about 25km (15 miles) from the city centre, around the suburbs of Irpin and Bucha.
This means Russian artillery remains out of range of central Kyiv, but shelling of the outskirts continues to cause casualties and destroy homes and infrastructure - and the city is still vulnerable to Russian warplanes.
To the east of the capital, Ukrainian forces have repelled renewed Russian attempts to advance toward Brovary, about 20km (12 miles) away from the centre of Kyiv.
The Russian advance on Kyiv from the east has been hindered by its inability to take control of Chernihiv, a major city to the north east that sits between the capital and the Russian border.
The mayor of Chernihiv says the northern Ukrainian city is now completely encircled by Russian forces.
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Russian progress slows in the south
Russian forces initially made rapid gains in the south, with their main objective being the creation of a land corridor between Crimea, which it annexed in 2014, and areas held by Russian-backed separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk.
Standing in the way of that objective has been the port city of Mariupol, which has been encircled by Russian forces since the start of March.
Fighting remains fierce in the city and the Russians continue to suffer significant losses, but they will likely gain control of Mariupol in the near future, analysts at the ISW say.
The scale of Russian losses in Mariupol will determine whether they can renew large-scale combat operations in eastern Ukraine, analysts add.
To the west, Russia has been attempting to push towards Odesa, with the aim of cutting off Ukraine's access to the Black Sea.
But their advances stalled at Mykolaiv, where a counter-attack by Ukrainian troops has pushed Russian forces back towards the city of Kherson.
People in the captured city of Kherson are resisting Russian control, though, drawling resources from elsewhere. Such efforts will hinder Russian ability to conduct offensive operations elsewhere, ISW analysts say.
Russia targets full control in the east
With recent setbacks elsewhere in the country, the chief of the Russian army says the focus of its forces is the "complete liberation" of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
Although continuing to attack cities across Ukraine, Russian forces appear to be concentrating efforts on encircling Ukrainian forces around separatist regions in the east - advancing from Kharkiv to the north and Mariupol from the south, the MoD says.
Russian-backed separatists held significant territory in the eastern regions before the Russian invasion and Moscow now claims that it controls 93% of Luhansk and 54% of Donetsk.
Western officials say several thousand Russian troops are on their way to the region to bolster their forces.
By David Brown, Bella Hurrell, Dominic Bailey, Mike Hills, Lucy Rodgers, Paul Sargeant, Mark Bryson, Zoe Bartholomew, Sean Willmott, Sana Dionysiou, Joy Roxas, Gerry Fletcher, Jana Tauschinsk, Debie Loizou and Prina Shah.
About these maps
To indicate which parts of Ukraine are under control by Russian troops we are using daily assessments published by the Institute for the Study of War with the American Enterprise Institute's Critical Threats Project.
From 2 March this daily assessment differentiated between "Assessed Russian-controlled Ukrainian territory" and "Assessed Russian advances in Ukraine", the latter indicating areas where Russians are believed to have launched attacks from but which they do not control.
To show key areas where advances are taking place we are also using daily updates from the UK Ministry of Defence and BBC research.
The situation in Ukraine is fast moving and it is likely there will be times when there have been changes not reflected in the maps.
