BBC News 8 March 2022 - The Visual Journalism Team
Ukrainian forces and civilians have faced heavy bombardment as Russian troops target the capital Kyiv and other cities.
Here are the latest developments on day 13 of the invasion:
- A ceasefire has been agreed to allow civilians to leave the city of Sumy and the town of Irpin, near Kyiv.
- Civilians are reported to have been killed in several cities after another night of shelling.
- Russian forces are believed to be preparing for an assault on Kyiv.
- More than two million people have now fled the fighting in Ukraine.
Russia launched its attack in the early hours of 24 February from three main directions: north, south and east.
Some 95% of the troops positioned around Ukraine in the build-up to the invasion are now on Ukrainian territory, according to US officials.
Targets all over the country have been attacked from land, sea and air. But the Ukrainian military says the Russian advance has slowed and the occupiers are demoralised.
On Tuesday, Ukraine and Russia agreed a humanitarian corridor to evacuate civilians from the city of Sumy, which has been under bombardment by Russian forces for days.
A column of evacuees, including international students, has left the city for Poltava in central Ukraine.
Civilians are also being evacuated from the town of Irpin near the capital, Kyiv where there has been heavy fighting in recent days.
There are reports another route towards the southern city of Mariupol has come under fire. Buses and lorries are on their way to deliver humanitarian aid to the city and to evacuate civilians to Zaporizhzhia.
Ukraine claimed previous routes had been impossible to use, with both sides accusing each other of breaking the ceasefire.
The fight for Kyiv
There has been intense shelling in recent days around Kyiv and defence analysts suggest Russian troops are bringing up reinforcements and supplies for an assault from the east and west.
Analysts say the Russians are setting conditions for the attack with air, artillery, and missile fire intended both to demoralise and to damage Kyiv's defenders.
Irpin has seen some 2,000 civilians flee, with some killed as a heavy Russian bombardment continued. Russian tanks and armoured vehicles are reported to be in the area, where local people face shortages of food, water and power.
Targets around the centre of the city have been struck from the air, but ground forces have not advanced beyond the suburbs.
The UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) says Ukrainian forces around the nearby towns of Hostomel, Bucha, Vorzel and Irpin continue to resist the Russian offensive towards Kyiv.
Strike from the north
Russian troops initially made quick gains, advancing from Belarus down the west side of the Dnieper river via Chernobyl.
However, the MoD says the main body of the large Russian column advancing on Kyiv remains over 30km (19 miles) from the centre of the city.
To the north-east of Kyiv, Chernihiv is still under intense bombardment, according to Ukraine's military, with several residential areas reduced to rubble.
Russian forces have also been advancing on the Ukrainian capital from further east.
A large Russian force had gathered around Troebortno in the days leading up to the invasion.
There has also been intense fighting around Hostomel airport, which has changed hands times several times.
Strike from the south
In the south, there is growing concern for tens of thousands of civilians trapped in the port city of Mariupol.
Attempts to evacuate them have ended in failure with Russia and Ukraine accusing each other of violating a humanitarian ceasefire.
The UN says civilians Mariupol, Kharkiv, Melitopol and elsewhere "desperately need aid, especially life-saving medical supplies".
People are trapped without food, running water or electricity or running water and there are reports of bodies in the streets.
Intense shelling of Mykolayiv and nearby towns has continued in what could be preparation for a ground assault on the city.
Russian control of Mykolaiv would clear the way for an advance on the port of Odesa.
Ukrainian forces in the city are preparing for an attack in the coming days.
Analysts say a Ukrainian defeat in Odesa would be hugely significant.
It would seal off Ukraine from its coastline and secure a path for Russian forces from Donetsk to the Moldovan border.
Strike from the east
Kharkiv, the second-largest city in Ukraine, has faced intense aerial bombardment in recent days. Ukraine's ministry of defence intelligence service says a top commander in the Russian army has been killed during fighting near the city. The BBC cannot independently verify the claim.
Large residential areas in the city have been hit by artillery rounds, which UN prosecutors are now investigating as a possible war crime.
There were also civilian casualties in Sumy after an aerial bombardment destroyed residential buildings. Ukrainian troops have been fighting back against Russian forces targeting the city, targeting their supply lines on the roads from Russian border.
But a Ukrainian counter-offensive near Kharkiv damaged Russian front-line units, according to the ISW, and there are claims Ukrainian forces pushed the Russians back to the border north west of Kharkiv.
There are also thought to be about 15,000 Russian-backed separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk, who may help a Russian advance. Ukraine believes the figure is higher.
Thousands flee across borders
Since the invasion began, more than two million people have fled Ukraine, according to the United Nations. It's the fastest-growing refugee crisis in Europe since World War II.
Unicef, the UN children's agency, believes around half of them are children and young people.
Refugees are crossing the borders to neighbouring countries to the west, such as Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary and Moldova.
By David Brown, Bella Hurrell, Dominic Bailey, Mike Hills, Lucy Rodgers, Paul Sargeant, Mark Bryson, Zoe Bartholomew, Sean Willmott, Sana Dionysiou, Joy Roxas and Gerry Fletcher.
About these maps
To indicate which parts of Ukraine are under control by Russian troops we are using daily assessments published by the Institute for the Study of War with the American Enterprise Institute's Critical Threats Project.
From 2 March this daily assessment differentiated between "Assessed Russian-controlled Ukrainian territory" and "Assessed Russian advances in Ukraine", the latter indicating areas where Russians are believed to have launched attacks from but which they do not control.
To show key areas where advances are taking place we are also using daily updates from the UK Ministry of Defence and BBC research. To show locations where there have been attacks or explosions we are using reports that have been verified by the BBC.
The situation in Ukraine is fast moving and it is likely there will be times when there have been changes not reflected in the maps.
