BBC News 14 February 2022
The Scottish and UK governments have agreed to establish two green freeports in Scotland.
The special economic zones, offering tax breaks and lower business tariffs, are being promoted by the UK government as part of its "levelling-up" agenda.
The Scottish Greens, the SNP's Scottish government partners, criticised the plans as "greenwashing" and said it was a "corporate giveaway".
A bidding process will begin in the spring and it is hoped the new sites will open in 2023.
Ministers from both the Scottish and UK governments will have a say in the assessment and selection process.
The governments were previously unable to agree plans to establish freeports north of the border, after a number of sites were announced for England.
Scottish ministers later said they would pursue an alternative "green freeport" model, with additional standards around jobs and climate targets.
Scotland's Finance Secretary Kate Forbes said: "We have been able to reach an agreement on a joint approach that enshrines the Scottish government's commitment to achieving net zero and embedding fair work practices through public investment.
"The establishment of green freeports will help us create new green jobs, deliver a just transition and support our economic transformation."
The UK government has committed funding of £52m to the project and bidders will have to pledge to reach net zero by 2045.
However, in the first major split from the SNP since they signed a power-sharing deal last year, the Scottish Greens criticised the plans as "greenwashing".
'Low wages'
Finance spokesman Ross Greer told BBC Radio's Good Morning Scotland programme that his party wanted nothing to do with "these so-called green freeports".
He said: "There is nothing genuinely green about them.
"Freeports are a really effective way to give tax relief and throw public money at multinational companies who are already doing their best to avoid tax.
"The SNP used to oppose freeports for exactly the same reason the Scottish Greens still do.
"Internationally, freeports are associated with crime, money laundering, smuggling, low wages."
Mr Greer also said that there was "no actual solid requirements" to meet climate targets or stick to fair work practices.
He said it was "naive" to expect large corporations to adhere to these rules.
What are freeports?
Also called free trade zones, they are designated areas where the normal tax and tariff rules of the country in which they are based do not apply.
They allow goods to be imported, manufactured and re-exported without being subject to checks, paperwork, or import taxes, known as tariffs.
This means raw materials can be imported, then engineered into whole products for export.
Typically, companies operating in the zone pay lower taxes, such as reduced VAT and lower rates of employment tax.
Critics argue they simply defer the point when import tariffs are paid, which then still need to be paid at some stage.
Kate Forbes told BBC Scotland that all green freeport applicants would have to stick to their commitments to net zero targets and fair work.
She said: "If a bidder fails to do so, we would look at this very carefully. We would expect bidders who set out promises to meet those promises.
"They will be required to deliver robust decarbonisation plans, demonstrating how they will move to net zero. A bidder will not win without it."
Under the UK government's model, freeports are centred around at least one air, rail or sea port, but can extend up to 28 miles (45km) beyond.
While bidders have not yet been announced, in July last year the Scottish government named nine areas being considered - Shetland, Orkney, Aberdeen with Peterhead, Montrose, Dundee, Cairnryan, the Firth of Forth and Glasgow city region. A Cromarty Firth consortium is also understood to be interested.
Ian Murray, Labour's Shadow Scottish Secretary, said the agreement had been "delayed for months because the two governments disagreed over the name.
"As a result of their petty point-scoring, regions in England already have a head start."
'Truly transformational'
The Scottish government and the UK Treasury will use their tax powers, including rates relief, to support the freeports.
Last year, the Scottish government said UK ministers risked undermining devolution if they set up the freeports in Scotland or Wales without the backing of devolved governments.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson said: "I am delighted that people across Scotland will reap the benefits that will come from having two new green freeports.
"Freeports will help to accelerate our plan to level up communities across the whole of the United Kingdom.
"They have the power to be truly transformational by creating jobs and investment opportunities to enable people to reach their potential."
Mr Johnson began his trip to Scotland on Monday with a visit to a manufacturing site before heading to an oncology centre in north-west England.
He is not expected to meet Scottish Conservative leader Douglas Ross - who has called for him to stand down over parties held in Downing Street during lockdown - despite Mr Johnson being invited to address the Scottish Conservative conference in Aberdeen next month.
Ahead of the visit, the SNP's Westminster leader Ian Blackford said it was "a walking advert for Scottish independence" and that Mr Johnson should use the visit to "apologise for the damage he has inflicted on Scotland and hand in his resignation".
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer said Boris Johnson's trip makes "the case for the Union harder" and that "this prime minister does not help that cause".
